Codonopsis roots slightly cylindrical, spindle-cylindrical or long conical, rarely branching or branching below the middle, 15-45cm long, 0.45-2.5cm in diameter. The surface is grayish yellow, grayish brown or reddish brown, with irregular longitudinal sulcus and wrinkled, sparse and transverse long dermal pores, the upper part of many annular wrinkles, proximal root head especially dense; The root head has many protruded stem marks and bud marks, integrated spheroid, commonly called "lion pan head"; Sometimes black brown gelatinous material can be seen in the broken root, which is condensed by the overflow of milk (vulgar and thin oil spots). The quality is soft and smooth or hard, the section is relatively flat, some are cutin, the skin is thicker, yellowish white, light brown or brown, often crack, and wood at the junction of a dark brown ring, wood accounted for about 1/3-1/2 root diameter, light yellow. Gas micro fragrant, sweet taste, chewing without slag.
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