Rockwool is manufactured to give a close to ideal level of moisture and aeration in the root zone, this helps prevent over watering and root suffocation from a lack of oxygenation. Rockwool was developed in Denmark back in the 1970's for gardening. It retains moisture well, it retains oxygen well, it never impedes root growth. Rockwool is perhaps the most popular medium used by hydroponic growers today. When you look at the numerous benefits, there is little wonder why. It retains moisture well, so there is less chances of underwatering. It retains oxygen well, so there is less chance of overwatering. Rockwool is a preferred method of starting seeds due to its excellent moisture retention and ability to give the roots instant access to water and nutrients. The primary reason for using rockwool, or any substrate, in a hydroponic growing system is to provide a buffering reservoir of nutrient solution in the root zone while maintaining an adequate volume of air (oxygen) in contact with the roots. These cubes should soak between several hours to an entire day to ensure that their pH properly adjusts. After they've soaked, place them in your hydroponic garden without seeds or cuttings and run it to ensure that the pH stabilizes. Remember to always use protective gear when handling rockwool.
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